Multiply 0.3 × 0.4 — Decimal Multiplication

easy CBSE NCERT Class 6 3 min read

Question

Multiply: 0.3×0.40.3 \times 0.4

This is a Class 6 NCERT favourite — simple to do, but students mess up the decimal placement more often than you’d expect.


Solution — Step by Step

Treat 0.30.3 as 33 and 0.40.4 as 44. Multiply them normally:

3×4=123 \times 4 = 12

We do this first because decimal multiplication is really just whole number multiplication — we’ll handle the decimal point separately.

0.30.3 has 1 decimal place (one digit after the point).
0.40.4 has 1 decimal place.

Total decimal places = 1+1=21 + 1 = 2.

We have 1212 from Step 1. We need to put 2 decimal places in it.

Count 2 digits from the right of 1212: 0.12\mathbf{0.12}.

0.3×0.4=0.120.3 \times 0.4 = \mathbf{0.12}

Why This Works

When we write 0.30.3, we mean 310\frac{3}{10}. Similarly, 0.40.4 means 410\frac{4}{10}.

So the multiplication is actually:

310×410=3×410×10=12100=0.12\frac{3}{10} \times \frac{4}{10} = \frac{3 \times 4}{10 \times 10} = \frac{12}{100} = 0.12

The denominator becomes 100100 because we multiplied two tenths together — which gives hundredths. That’s exactly why the answer has 2 decimal places when each factor had 1.

This is the logic behind the “count and place” rule. You’re not memorising a trick — you’re doing fraction multiplication in disguise.


Alternative Method — Using Fractions Directly

Convert each decimal to a fraction, multiply, then convert back.

0.3=310,0.4=4100.3 = \frac{3}{10}, \quad 0.4 = \frac{4}{10} 310×410=12100=0.12\frac{3}{10} \times \frac{4}{10} = \frac{12}{100} = 0.12

This method is slower for calculation, but it’s worth doing once or twice in your notebook — it makes the “why” very clear before you rely on the shortcut.


Common Mistake

Writing the answer as 1.2 instead of 0.12.

Students multiply 3×4=123 \times 4 = 12 correctly, then place only 1 decimal point (getting 1.21.2) instead of 2. Always count the total decimal places in both numbers — not just one of them. Here, both 0.30.3 and 0.40.4 contribute one place each, so the answer needs two places total.

Quick self-check: 0.3×0.40.3 \times 0.4 must be less than 0.3×1=0.30.3 \times 1 = 0.3. So if your answer is 1.21.2, that’s already bigger than one of the factors — something’s off. Use this sense-check in exams when you’re unsure.

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